The contributions of mid-20th-century mathematician and code breaker Alan Turing to artificial intelligence remain an inspiration today. Turing's 1950 research paper produced at the University of Manchester, "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," set a standard for AI development. The Turing test, commonly known as "the imitation game," is widely considered a benchmark for measuring the success of artificial intelligence. The test -- which evaluates the ability of a computer to participate in written dialogue with a human -- determines whether machines can demonstrate intelligence on par with human response.
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